Atypical Erythema Migrans in Patients with PCR-Positive Lyme Disease

نویسندگان

  • Steven E. Schutzer
  • Bernard W. Berger
  • James G. Krueger
  • Mark W. Eshoo
  • David J. Ecker
  • John N. Aucott
چکیده

1. Price RN, Uhlemann AC, Brockman A, McReady R, Ashley E, Phaipun L, et al. Mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and increased pfmdr1 gene copy number. Lancet. 2004;364: 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S01406736(04)16767-6 2. Basco LK, Le Bras J, Rhoades Z, Wilson CM. Analysis of pfmdr1 and drug susceptibility in fresh isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Subsaharan Africa. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1995;74:157–66. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/0166-6851(95)02492-1 3. Witkowski B, Nicolau ML, Soh PN, Iriart X, Menard S, Alvarez M, et al. Plasmodium falciparum isolates with increased pfmdr1 copy number circulate in West Africa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54:3049–51. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00209-10 4. Gadalla NB, Adam I, Elzaki SE, Bashir S, Mukhtar I, Oguike M, et al. Increased pfmdr1 copy number and sequence polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Sudanese malaria patients treated with artemetherlumefantrine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55:5408–11. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.05102-11 5. Akala HM, Eyase FL, Cheruiyot AC, Omondi AA, Ogutu BR, Waters NC, et al. Antimalarial drug sensitivity profile of Western Kenya Plasmodium falciparum field isolates determined by a SYBR Green I in vitro assay and molecular analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85:34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ ajtmh.2011.10-0674 6. Holmgren G, Bjorkman A, Gil JP. Amodiaquine resistance is not related to rare findings of Pfmdr1 gene amplifications in Kenya. Trop Med Int Health. 2006;11:1808–12. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01742.x 7. Wurtz N, Fall B, Pascual A, Diawara S, Sow K, Baret E, et al. Prevalence of molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal. Malar J. 2012;11:197. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-197 8. Witkowski B, Iriart X, Soh PN, Menard S, Alvarez M, Naneix-Laroche V, et al. Pfmdr1 amplification associated with clinical resistance to mefloquine in West Africa: implications for efficacy of artemisinin combination therapies. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:3797–9. http://dx.doi. org/10.1128/JCM.01057-10 9. Fall B, Diawara S, Sow K, Baret E, Diatta B, Fall KB, et al. Ex vivo susceptibility of Plasmodium isolates from Dakar, Senegal, to seven standard anti-malarial drugs. Malar J. 2011;10:310. http://dx.doi. org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-310 10. Sidhu ABS, Uhlmann AC, Valderramos SG, Valderramos JC, Krishna S, Fidock DA. Decreasing pfmdr1 copy number in Plasmodium falciparum malaria heightens susceptibility to mefloquine, lumefantrine, halofantrine, quinine, and artemisinin. J Infect Dis. 2006;194:528–35. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1086/507115

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عنوان ژورنال:

دوره 19  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2013